Motivation and Manipulation in Julius Caesar Essay

In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare illuminates the themes of human motivation and manipulation. He examines the relationship between actions and motivations, cause and effect, and word and deed, using the symbols of hands and hearts. Throughout the play, the characters Brutus and Marc Antony express their different understandings of this relationship rhetorically. In his 1953 film interpretation, Joseph L. Mankiewicz demonstrates these characters’ understanding through both the play’s original dialogue and his own interpolated action. It is interesting to see the different effects of spoken rhetoric, as we experience it in the play, and the visual rhetoric of the film. The play itself complicates matters of motivation and therefore does not†¦show more content†¦In his interpretation of Act 1, Scene 2 when Caesar asks Antony to touch Calphurnia as he runs by her, he places his hand firmly on Antony’s shoulder. This action demonstrates their close relationship , and by the time Antony agrees to Caesar’s request and leaves the scene, the viewers are in no doubt of their bond. In Act 2, Scene 1, Brutus takes the hands of the conspirators as they leave his house. Here, the film adheres to the play’s direction as it is written and represents it visually. Brutus says, â€Å"Give me your hands all over, one by one,† and he clasps hands with them in the bond of a common cause (2.1.112). In the same scene, touch also signifies the bond between lovers. Portia questions her husband Brutus about what troubles him, and he refuses to tell her. She states then that she is no better than his harlot, and he instantly embraces her as he continues with the scripted dialogue. This small act adds an emotional, tender side to Brutus’ nature that is not revealed as explicitly in the play by his words. In the film interpretation of Act 3, Scene 1, Caesar goes to the Capitol, and the senators beg him to rescind the exile of Publius Ci mber, Metellus’ brother. They grab his hand as they kneel before him, trying to show first a token of respect and then of friendship as they beg. It’s here that Casca, without hesitancy, makes the first stab, shouting, â€Å"Speak, hands, for me!† (3.1.76). The rest of the men follow suit, circling andShow MoreRelatedThe Manipulative Tactics Of Hitler And Mark Anthony1414 Words   |  6 PagesManipulative Tactics of Hitler and Mark Anthony Manipulation is a tool used for better or worse to gain power on others. Throughout history, notorious world leaders have risen using manipulation. Hitler used manipulation to gain favor of citizens in Germany. Like Hitler, Mark Anthony manipulated Brutus to kill Julius Caesar on his way to the top. Hitler’s manipulation of the German people parallels that of Mark Anthony in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Manipulation is the influence cast among the victimRead MoreAnalysis Of Gaius Suetonius TranquitusDe Vita Caesartus1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand also for his book ‘The Twelve Caesars’ which essentially changed the way in which history was written. For many, they believe that Suetonius’ ‘De Vita Caesarum established a new framework, an original genre of historical biography unseen before which consequently made a significant contribution to historical scholarship. This review will look in particular at the aspects of Suetonius’ style of writing seen in the first chapter, which focuses on Julius Caesar, and also how specific writing techniquesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay2387 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, the battle for power is always in a state of flux, constantly changing hands. Though the players in this play sometimes use physical force to obtain power, it is persuasion and manipulation tha t have the strong hold on her. Through close examination of this text, the use of persuasion and manipulation in obtaining and maintaining power will be explored. When the play first opens there is a celebration in the streets because Julius Caesar has proven victoriousRead MoreEssay about Rhetoric in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar1801 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s Julius Caesar, albeit each differently and for different causes. Each of these men uses his skills in rhetoric to convince each other and at some points the entire population of Rome to follow his beliefs. However, each of these men has different motivations to do so, as well as different characteristics and general worldviews. Cassius uses rhetoric successfully to persuade Brutus to come over to his cause—killing Julius Caesar. Cassius is a sharp minded politician whose motivations are personalRead More emperors club Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages Success is the motivation that inspires all human beings to reach great achievements and leave an indelible mark on society. Success is not merely a destination but a journey that one must travel in order to obtain it. Since success in one’s own life is not explicitly defined, we must find objective ways of measuring it, and ultimately come to a conclusion on who has been more ‘successful,’ Sedgewick Bell, or Mr. William Hundert. As is often the case, the answer lies in the past, as Deepak MehtaRead MoreHow Caesar s Political Career1836 Words   |  8 Pagescoup. Julius Caesar, a nephew of Marius, descended from a noble family who were ardent supporters of the populares. Like Sulla, Caesar was greatly renowned as an exceptionally c ompetent military commander, conquering Gaul. Remarkably, Caesar was also central to a series of civil wars between his former political allies, Crassus and Pompey, and claimed victory in this conflict just like Sulla – by defiantly marching an army on Rome and establishing himself as dictator. While Sulla and Caesar wereRead MoreMarcus Brutus : A Tragic Hero2084 Words   |  9 Pagesdrop by lottery...†(2.1.124-9). In this quote he is saying how the sadness and suffering of the Romans should not only be their motivation to assassinate Caesar, but should also be creating a brotherhood amongst them. Brutus’s hamartia insures his imperfection and his faults are numerous. But is biggest faults are his naivety, hubris and his idealistic belief that Caesar will become a tyrant. One way his naivety was confirmed was when Brutus was discussing the assassination and they wanted CiceroRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesearlier, in the same or in another, usually subsequent, sentence. In Jane lost a glove and she cant find it, Jane is the antecedent of she and glove is the antecedent of it. Logic. the conditional element in a proposition, as â€Å"Caesar conquered Gaul,† in â€Å"If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.† 8. Anthropomorphism: Where animals or inanimate objects are portrayed in a story as people, such as by walking, talking, or being given arms, legs, facial features, human locomotion or otherRead MoreMacbeth9435 Words   |  38 Pageshave a nemesis to face to achieve that throne. For Antony the nemesis is Octavius, for Macbeth it is Banquo. At one point Macbeth even compares himself to Antony, saying under Banquo / My Genius is rebuk d, as it is said / Mark Antony s was by Caesar. Lastly, both plays contain powerful and manipulative female figures: Cleopatra and Lady Macbeth.[3] Shakespeare borrowed the story from several tales in  Holinshed s Chronicles, a popular history of the British Isles known to Shakespeare and hisRead MoreLimitation of Trait Theory12233 Words   |  49 Pagespersonality traits or any qualities. What then is leadership if it is not charisma and not a set of personality traits? The first thing to say about it is that it is work -- something stressed again and again by the most charismatic leaders: Julius Caesar, for instance, or Gen. MacArthur and Field Marshal Montgomery, or, to use an example from business, Alfred Sloan, the man who built and led General Motors from 1920 to 1955. The foundation of effective leadership is thinking through the organizations

The North Tower Of The World Trade Center - 2114 Words

On September 11, 2001 started off as a regular Tuesday morning, as New Yorkers start their day. Many start their daily routine, whether it is grabbing some breakfast, taking kids to school, or running quick errands before work. With many of them already at work or about to start their shift, a terrible twist of events that no one had foreseen. At exactly 8:45 a.m., the North tower of the World Trade center had been hit by an American Airlines Boeing 767, affecting the eightieth floors up to the top of the building. At first assuming that it was an accident, until a second plane flew straight into the South tower of the World Trade Center, eighteen minutes later. But not only was New York the only affected place by the devastation, Washington, D.C was also struck by a plane at 9:45 a.m., a plane went right into the west side of the pentagon. At that precise moment, it was clear that the United States was under attack (9/11 Attacks). Eventually, we went on to learn that there was a fou rth hijacked plane, which its original target is unknown. The passengers took initiative and prevented what could have been a worse incident. On this day nineteen Al Qaeda hijackers had changed the fate of millions, changing history and national security forever. Although these series of events were very tragic and traumatic, it brought such a unity and now security measures are higher than ever. Conspiracy theory is a rumor or belief that skeptical people make up based on events that haveShow MoreRelatedNorth Tower Of The World Trade Center1148 Words   |  5 Pages8:45 AM, Eastern Time, American Airlines flight 111, headed from Boston smashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York. An hour later, a second plane crashed into the south tower at 550 miles an hour. The south tower only lasted 56 minutes, collapsing straight down, killing thousands of people, and creating a dust cloud that sent people scurrying for cover in the streets below. The north tower didnâ €™t last much longer, also collapsing straight down, setting surrounding buildings ablazeRead MoreWalking Through The Doors Of The Huge World Trade Center North Tower1685 Words   |  7 Pages While walking through the doors of the huge World Trade Center North Tower, I get an excited and nervous feeling in my stomach. When I reach the elevator, I almost turn back. I feel like something isn’t right, but I brush it off because it is just my feelings getting to my head. I step inside the empty elevator and push the 91st floor button. As the doors close, I think of how exciting this is going to be. Artists like me are going to be working and living on the 91st and 92nd floors which are theRead MoreThe New York Legislature Created A World Trade Center999 Words   |  4 Pages In 1946, the New York Legislature created a World Trade Corporation. The war had just ended and America was the only country still on their feet. Manhattan was already one of the world’s greatest centers for trade and commerce. So it was the obvious location for a world trade center. The World Trade Center was located in lower Manhattan During the 50s, lower Manhattan was full of rundown and abandoned buildings. Full of small businesses, a small population, and a bad economy, lower ManhattanRead MoreThe Crash Of The World Trade Center1194 Words   |  5 Pagesworst. Anything that made the day appear normal drastically changed. On the morning of the September 11th attacks, or the attacks of 9/11, four passenger airplanes were hijacked by terrorists. Two airplanes collided into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center in New York, a third airplane crashed into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and a fourth airplane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania. These plane collisions resulted in the death of thousands. All the passengers aboard wereRead MoreA Research Report Draft On The World Trade Center1070 Words   |  5 PagesMay 10, 2016 Research Report DRAFT The World Trade Center Nearly 17 years ago a tragic event happened in New York City just around the beginning of winter. Four planes were hijacked and were headed toward an important and big building in New York City and Washington D.C. Only three out of four hit the important buildings they were heading for in New York City and Washington D.C. Now one of the biggest buildings in West New York City, the World Trade Center, is home to a huge memorial museum fromRead MoreThe Twin Towers1535 Words   |  7 PagesS History June 10, 2009 The Attacks of the World Trade Centers Over 200,000 tons of steel, 425,000 cubic yards of concrete, a total of 10,000 workers and 7 years, 2 buildings were created known as the World Trade Centers. It s more than its signature twin towers: it was a complex of seven buildings on 16-acres with its own zip code (10048). The construction of the buildings began in 1966 and was completed in April 1973, with the North tower opening 2 years prior of the South. They both consistRead More9/11 Informational Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Trade Center Attack September 11, 2001 was not just any ordinary day for the citizens of the United States and the city of New York, but a devastating attack that has put us all in shock and fear. As all of you know, the Tuesday that this country was ambushed and attacked destructively by terrorists, was one of the saddest days America has ever seen. Not only did it affect the people that were in the World Trade Center Towers and the loved ones who unfortunately passed away, but it affectedRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack on 9/11641 Words   |  3 PagesThe terrorist attack on September 9, 2001, known as 9/11, was the most devastating terrorist attack to date, due to the high death toll, the suspected secondary explosion found in the Twin Towers, and the explosion at the Pentagon. In order to learn about the 9/11 Terrorist Attack, one must learn more about what happened. On September 9, 2001, at 7:59 am, The American Airlines Flight 11 took off from Boston Logan Airport with 92 people onboard. At 8:14 am, the United Airlines Flight 175 took offRead MoreThe World Trade Center And The United States1042 Words   |  5 PagesPentagon and 2,606 at the World Trade Center and surrounding area† (Goodman). The World Trade Center in Manhattan, and the Pentagon located in Washington D.C. were attacked on September 11, 2001, by American fuel loaded, hijacked by al-Qaeda which was lead by Osama bin Laden, planes. Many things were lost on September things Americans will never be able to get back such as: lives, freedom from war, and millions of dollars. The World Trade Center, also known as the Twin Towers because they two buildingsRead MoreThe Incredible Toll of 9/11 Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pageshammered them into the World Trade Centers North and South Tower along with the Pentagon in Washington D.C. The September 11, 2001, attacks changed America forever (9/11 Attacks - 102 minutes That Changed America). The September 11 attacks were the worst acts of terrorism ever carried against the United States. Nineteen terrorists took over commercial jetliners and slammed them into two towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. (The World Book Student Discovery

Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality

Question: Discuss about the Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality. Answer: Introduction The rising cause of concern for the people across the spectrum is quality in healthcare. There is also the issue of rise in costs. According to the WHO report 20% of the senior have some kind of progressive neurological disorders that include Parkinson, dementia or Alzheimers. 17.4% of the lives of the people are lost by these health issues (Hungerford et al., 2016). The life expectancy of people is increasing and there should be newer technologies used in aged care facilities to tackle this rising issue. Augmented reality has the potential to address or manage this issues. Augmented reality scope Augmented reality is infusion of certain direct or indirect elements into the real time environment. (Barfield, 2015). This augmented reality is essentially an extension of virtual reality. There is fusion of the real time environment and computer mediated elements. This is through a computer generated sensory input. (Ellenby et al., 2015). There is potential to apply it in the health care industry. Current state and applications Cognitive ability gets gradually diminished in patients who are suffering from neurological conditions. They tend to have poor spatial direction and the environmental cognitive capacity slowly decreases. Progressive conditions such as Parkinson or Alzheimers can be managed and its progression can be reduced. The aim of the augmented reality technology is to ensure that the people extend their quality of life through these processes. Clinical research in augmented technology finds that the cognitive load and the sense of spatial direction of the elderly are considerably improved with the AR-based 3D hologram (AR-3DH) mental rotation training (Lee, Chen and Chang,2016). In the research by Boletsis and McCallum, (2016) the Cognitive Augmented Reality Cubes (CogARC) system has been presented. In this game there is a collection of cognitive mini games that is used to delay the onset or progression of the conditions. High level Business requirements The business requirements are to develop more appropriate technology to provide individualized care for the Alzheimers patients or dementia patients. The purpose of the future technological development is to focus on developing prescreening and ensuring delayed onset of symptoms (Sonntag, 2015). Care facilities need to incorporate this technology in their outpatient and in their inpatient programs. The training facilities should be taught about the importance of this technology. Previous research indicates that the onset and the progression of the disease can be delayed. The end user of the programs will be the patients who have developed the condition of Alzheimers or dementia. For this the patients need to use the mobile app technology or tablet technology to increase their cognitive functions. There will be a range of games and cognitive tests for the people to improve their functions. High Level stakeholder requirements The most important stakeholder that will be benefited from this technology are the patients who are developing the conditions. Early stage patients are the target demography. This app will be to improve the quality of life of the senior. The technology department and the health care department should work together cohesively to meet the patient requirements and teach the patients about these apps (Briggs et al., 2015). Trend analysis: Currently there are apps such as Lumiosity, Brain trainer games, Eidetic apps to improve the current technology. There is however a need to incorporate a training game that uses the fundamentals of Pokemon Go to incorporate into the apps. There can be slower paced hologram games to improve the cognitive ability of the senior. This is not commercially available for the patients. There should be mind games that mixes the concept of Pokeman Go to make the senior to exercise and delay onset. Feasibility analysis and the action plan By integrating the services that has been provided by the technology and the hospital industry there can be development of the technology that is innovative and economical. In the future the rising capital costs to provide patient The current capital costs involved in the development of the technology are quite high. The future action plan for these augmented reality should commence can be made commercially viable within the next 1 year. Broad strategies The final app will use small cubes that the user would have to arrange. There will be extended into the real time environment like the Pokemon Go. The senior would have time to block the cubes and do simply exercise that would simulate the same effect of working out. Their response time would be documented and games related to their skill level will be given. The health care workers will assign the skill level for the patients based on their health condition. Analysis of legislations 10% of the GDP is spent on the aged care of the nation. The government wants to allocate more funds to ensure that the seniors of the population are taken care. There should be more governmental sanctions and governmental support that should be provided for the development of augmented reality technology (Willis et al., 2016). There should be governmental support to enable the people to learn about the technology. Conclusion The purpose of this analysis is to determine the future directions newer management methods for the senior population with progressively worsening conditions. Technology that is developed should be beneficial to the people. The number of people in the aged care has been increasing and having these tools would be beneficial to all the stakeholders involved. It has been determined that augmented reality has the potential to increase the mental and the cognitive awareness of the patients. Reference Barfield, W. ed., 2015.Fundamentals of wearable computers and augmented reality. CRC Press. Boletsis, C. and McCallum, S., 2016. Augmented reality cubes for cognitive gaming: Preliminary usability and game experience testing.Int J Serious Games,3, pp.3-18. Briggs, K., Georgakopoulos, A., Kapovits, A., Herzog, U., Mumtaz, S., Saidul, K., Domenico, B.M.C., Okyere, B., Filo, M., Frascolla, R.V. and Moessner, K., 2015. D3. 1: Value chain analysis and system design. Ellenby, P., Ellenby, T.W. and Ellenby, J., GeoVector Corp., 2015.Multi Mode Augmented Reality Search Systems. U.S. Patent 20,150,286,870. Hungerford, C., Prosser, B., Davey, R., Clark, S., Davey, C.H.B.P.R. and Clark, S., 2016. The Australian grey nomadand aged care nurse practitioner models of practice: a case study analysis.Rural and remote health,16(3647). Lee, I.J., Chen, C.H. and Chang, K.P., 2016. Augmented reality technology combined with three-dimensional holography to train the mental rotation ability of older adults.Computers in Human Behavior,65, pp.488-500. Sonntag, D., 2015, September. Kognit: Intelligent Cognitive Enhancement Technology by Cognitive Models and Mixed Reality for Dementia Patients. In2015 AAAI Fall Symposium Series. Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. eds., 2016.Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Rapidly Developing Macroeconomics in Chile

South America is one of the world’s most rapidly growing economies. With wise fiscal policies, efficient manufacturing, trade, and a well-functioning system of foreign relations, South America is gradually becoming one of the most important players of the global economic market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rapidly Developing Macroeconomics in Chile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite somewhat slow rates of economic growth in the past, most South American economies have been able to regain their economic balance and have undergone profound economic shifts. Chile is no exception: a country with brilliant economic prospects, Chile exemplifies a triumph of modern economic thinking, coupled with well-designed fiscal policies, trade and exports. 2011 promised another leap forward, but in light of the recent economic downturn, Chile must be particularly cautious in its macroeconomic decisions. C hile is well-known for its economic successes. A market-oriented economy, Chile relies on trade and mineral resources, mainly copper (CIA, 2011). Exports account for nearly one-fourth of the country’s GDP, with three-fourths of total exports made up by mineral resources and commodities (CIA, 2011). Strong financial institutions, perfect business reputation, low inflation, and effective economic reforms support Chile in its way to macroeconomic excellence (CIA, 2011). The history of macroeconomic reforms in Chile dates back to the beginning of the 1990s, when the military government initiated the first economic reform (CIA, 2011). Since then, the country’s GDP growth has averaged 4% annually (CIA, 2011). Chile grew committed to trade liberalisation and eventually signed a free trade agreement with the United States; the latter gave an impetus to the country’s rapid economic growth (CIA, 2011). That Chile relies on foreign trade and opens its markets to internatio nal competition does not mean that it is more susceptible to global crises than the rest of the developed world (OECD, 2010). Previous economic achievements provide Chile with a strong competitive advantage. Most probably, even in the toughest economic conditions, Chile will be able to rebound from economic recessions much more rapidly than other developed countries (OECD, 2010). Simultaneously, present day Chile is not entirely immune from the risks of economic downfalls. A brief insight into the country’s GDP and its changes over time will create a complete picture of the macroeconomic situation in Chile.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gross Domestic Product is fairly considered as the most relevant measure of any country’s economic wellbeing. It is â€Å"the market value of all the final goods and services produced within in a country in a given t ime period† (Parkin 2007, p.77). The main variables comprising the GDP are consumption expenditures, investment, net exports, and government expenses (Parkin, 2007). Real GDP is calculated at constant prices and used to judge changes in the macroeconomic situation over time (Parkin 2007). In 2010, Chile’s GDP was $257.9 billion – the 46th result among countries with the highest GDP (CIA, 2010). Compared to $245 billion in 2009 and $249.2 billion in 2008, the country demonstrated good GDP growth trends (CIA, 2011). Apparently, Chile managed to restore its economic position and quickly rebound from the shock of the global economic recession in 2008-09. In 2010, Chile’s GDP grew 5.3% (CIA, 2011). It is due to wise fiscal policies and productive relations with the foreign partners that Chile was able to meet its macroeconomic goals. In the first quarter of 2011, Chile’s GDP grew 1.3% (Trading Economics, 2011). This is more than was forecasted at the end of 2010 (Reuters, 2011). Strong domestic demand (up 14.6 percent in the first quarter of 2011) is the key factor of sustained economic growth in Chile (Reuters, 2011). Foreign direct investments complete the picture of economic success in Chile (Reuters, 2011). At present, macroeconomic performance in Chile outpaces even the most optimistic expectations, and the country is likely to remain at the forefront of South America’s economic development in the nearest future. With strong financial institutions, Chile has everything needed to deal with possible economic shocks without compromising its long-term macroeconomic targets (OECD, 2010). Nonetheless, the country is not entirely immune from the negative influences of global crises. In the face of a new economic recession, Chile must be particularly cautious in its macroeconomic choices. Years of macroeconomic success have made Chile extremely resilient to the major economic downfalls. After the global recession of 2008-09, Ch ile continues to irradiate unchangeable economic optimism. Following the earthquake of 2010, Chile lost nearly 17% of its GDP (CIA, 2011). Today,Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rapidly Developing Macroeconomics in Chile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More the Chilean government conducts a rule-based countercyclical fiscal policy, accumulating surpluses in sovereign wealth funds and [†¦] allowing deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices. (CIA, 2011) Unfortunately, recent events in the world and the U.S. credit rating downgrade imply that Chile must be prepared for a new period of recession. Low copper prices are likely to follow. As of today, exports of mineral resources make up about 50% of the country’s exports (Trading Economics, 2011). Excessive reliance on mineral exports makes Chile extremely vulnerable to the risks of global financial crises. In this situation, economic diversification and investments in other industries, including tourism and services, can support the country through the major macroeconomic difficulties and guarantee long-term GDP growth. It is high time Chile developed a new vision of its macroeconomic future. Conclusion South America is one of the world’s most rapidly developing economies. Chile is no exception: the country exemplifies a triumph of modern economic thinking, well-designed fiscal policies, and reasonable approach to trade and exports. Chile quickly restored its macroeconomic position after the crisis of 2008-09. At present, macroeconomic performance in Chile outpaces even the most optimistic expectations, and the country is likely to remain at the forefront of South American economic development in the nearest time. However, recent changes in the global macroeconomic conjuncture suggest that Chile must be prepared for a new recession. Diversification and investments in industries other than mineral resource s will help the country to survive through another financial turmoil. It is high time Chile developed a new vision of its macroeconomic future. References CIA. (2011). South America: Chile. The World Factbook. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More OECD. (2010). Latin American economic outlook 2010. Organization for Cooperation and Development. Web. Parkin, M. (2007). Measuring GDP and economic growth. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Web. Reuters. (2011). Update 2 – Chile Q1 GDP growth picks up despite rising rates. Reuters. Web. Trading Economics. (2011). Chile GDP growth rate. Trading Economics. Web. This research paper on Rapidly Developing Macroeconomics in Chile was written and submitted by user Johnathan Rasmussen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Slavery Essays (3614 words) - Slavery In The United States

Slavery The Slaves' And The Slaveowners' Views Of Slavery ?That face of his, the hungry cannibals Would not have touched, would not have stained with blood;-- But you are more inhuman, more inexorable, Oh! ten times more than tigers of Hyrcania.? Shakespeare I chose the topic about slavery for my research paper because I thought it would be an interesting experience doing research about slavery. It is American history and the more we know about it, the better we can understand what is going on today in our country. I think that because slavery was abolished very recently in terms of historical periods of time, it still has an impact on today's economic and political life. Searching for the writings by slave owners was a more difficult task then searching for the writings by slaves. However, I found a lot of useful material in various sources. The slavery in the United States is no doubt a shameful history of our country. White people transferred the slaves living in Africa to the New Land and treated them as their property, not as human beings. The living and working conditions of slaves and their food were extremely poor. Those were inhuman conditions in which the slaves had to survive. Endless executions of the slaves made the situation even worse. Slavery was a period of time when one race treated the other race as animals, things, property, but not as people. Unfortunately, not everyone saw the situation as it was in reality at that time. As we can see from many different sources available today, the points of view of slaves and slave owners on slavery were the opposite to each other. That can be seen in various slaves' and slave owners' descriptions of slavery. Slaves described their dwellings, food, clothes, labor, and the terrible treatment of slaves by their masters. On the other hand, slave owners described the r elationships between slaves and their masters in a very positive way. They argued that slavery is very beneficial for the slaves and the slaves are very happy to live with their masters. Let us now consider both these points of views in details. First of all, let us look at the slaves' description of the cloth they wore. The clothes supply was as minimum as possible and the quality of the clothes was very bad. Here is how one of the slaves describes it. ?Our dress was of tow cloth; for the children nothing but a shirt; for the older ones a pair of pantaloons or a gown in addition, according to the sex. ... In winter, a round jacket or overcoat, a wool hat once in two or three years, for the males, and a pair of coarse shoes once a year?(Lester 65). This scanty list of items was the only things available to the slaves. Certainly, it was not enough for the people who worked very hard for more than ten hours a day. The clothes were very dirty and with holes all over the place pretty soon. Imagine if you have to wear the same shirt day after day for the long time. The masters did not care about slaves' children; they did not distribute much clothes for them either. According to the slaves, it was their problem what to put on the ir children when it was cold outside (Feldstein 45). However, some slaves say there were some masters who gave some extra material for the children, but it was not sufficient any way. Others gave any additional clothes only for extra work (Feldstein 45). As for the slave owners' seeing the slaves' situation, one of the slaveholders reveals that he used to distribute new clothes once a year (Feldstein 45). This testimony by the slave owner actually testifies the slaves' descriptions of the slavery that makes us believe to the slaves even more. However, there were a lot of slave owners who saw the situation quite differently. One anonymous slave owner in his letter to Lord Brougham argues that ?...as a slave, he [a black person] would have at least the protection of one master interested in his welfare; as a freeman, almost beyond the pale of government protection, with no one to take care of him, of a despised

Slang, Jargon, Idiom or Proverb Explained

Slang, Jargon, Idiom or Proverb Explained Slang, jargon, idioms, and proverbs. What do they mean? Heres a short overview for English learners that explains and gives examples of each type of expression. Slang Slang is used by relatively small groups of people in informal situations. As it is used by limited groups of people, slang also tends to be confused with dialect. However, slang can be referred to as words, phrases or expressions used within a language, in this case, English. Also, slang is used by some to indicate words, phrases or expressions used by various ethnic or class groups. It should not be used in written work unless that work includes quotes that contain slang. This category of vocabulary changes rather quickly and expressions that are in one year, may be out the next.   Slang Examples emo - very emotional. Dont be so emo. Your boyfriend will be back next week. frenemy - someone you think is your friend, but you know is really your enemy. Has your frenemy got you worried? groovy - very nice in a mellow sort of way (this is old slang from the 60s). Groovy, man. Feel the good vibrations. (Note: slang goes out of fashion quickly, so these examples might not be current.) Recommendation You can use the urban dictionary for definitions of slang. If a phrase is a slang, youll find it there. Jargon Jargon could be explained as slang for business or enthusiasts. Jargon can be defined as words, phrases, or expressions that mean something specific in a particular profession. For example, there is a lot of jargon associated with the internet.  It can also refer to specific words used in a sport, hobby or other activity. Jargon is known and used by those who are on the inside of a business or of some activity.   Jargon Examples cookies - used by programmers to track information on a users computer that has accessed the internet. We set a cookie when you first access our site. birdie - used by golfers to state that the golf ball was put into the hole with one less golf stroke than expected on a hole. Tim got two birdies on the back nine at the golf course. chest voice - used by singers to indicate a style of singing that has chest resonance. Dont push so hard with your chest voice. Youll hurt your voice! Idiom Idioms are words, phrases, or expressions that do not literally mean what they express. In other words, if you were to translate an idiom word for word in your own language, it most likely would not make any sense at all. Idioms are different than slang as they are used and understood by almost everyone. Slang and jargon are understood and used by a smaller group of people. There is a wide variety of idiom sources on this site for English learners.   Idioms Examples rain cats and dogs - rain very heavily. Its raining cats and dogs tonight. pick a language up - learn a language by living in a country. Kevin picked up a little Italian when he lived in Rome. break a leg - do well at a performance or presentation. Break a leg on your presentation John. Proverb Proverbs are short sentences known by quite a large part of any language speaking population. They tend to be old, give advice, and be very insightful. Many proverbs are taken from literature, or from other very old sources. However, they are used so often that the speaker does not realize who originally said or wrote the proverb. Example Proverbs The early bird gets the worm - start working early and you will be successful. I get up at five and do two hours of work before I go to the office. The early bird gets the worm! When in Rome, do as the Romans - when you are in a foreign culture, you should act like the people in that culture. Im wearing shorts to work here in Bermuda! When in Rome, do as the Romans. You cant always get what you want - This proverb means what it says, you cant always get what you want. The Rolling Stones knew how to put that to music! Stop complaining. You cant always get what you want. Learn to live with that truth!

COMPASSION FETIGUE and BURNED OUT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMPASSION FETIGUE and BURNED OUT - Essay Example Though under these conditions, the healthcare service providers may continue to provide their services however, their natural urge and tendency to provide the care as well as the compassion can decrease too. However, with right tools and techniques this could be averted and the caregivers can actually rehabilitate themselves to provide the same level of support and care to their patients. As a part of the renewal process, the caregivers can actually recharge their batteries and renew themselves to revive their hopes and provide the same level of compassion and care to their patients. In this paper, the nature and extent of the compassion fatigue will be discussed besides explaining the emotional, spiritual as well as physical needs of the caregivers besides discussing as to how the caregivers can actually cope with this. Compassion Fatigue Over the period of time, as the healthcare services providers cope with the system and become regular in treating and caring their customers, a te ndency starts to develop in them which can result into strong physical, spiritual as well as emotional burnout for them. ... The demands of managed care therefore are creating strong influences over the healthcare service providers to deliver a certain level of service to their patients and clients. However, as the interaction of the patients and healthcare givers increases, there emerges a tendency which can actually compromise the professional ability of the caregivers. (Jeffrey R. Funk, 2004) What is also important to note that the compassion fatigue often results into certain emotional, spiritual as well as physical symptoms which can further compromise the ability of the caregivers to provide proper care services. The emergence of feelings of hopelessness, negative attitude as well as feeling sick and tired may cause strong physical and emotional burnout for the caregivers. It is therefore critical that these needs of the caregivers are taken care of. Physical, Spiritual and Emotional Needs of the caregivers Caregiving can often become a 24 hrs job which can potentially sap the energy and will out of the caregivers. A typical caregiver spends most of his or her time to take care of the patients or dependents and resultantly develop symptoms which can be detrimental to his own health. One of the key physical symptoms of the compassion fatigue is the lack of sleep which can start to take its toll on the body of the caregiver. Sustained level of insomnia or sleeplessness therefore can result into significant physical health problems for the caregivers. It has been argued that the brain’s frontal lobe depends upon the adequate sleep and rest to perform effectively and in the absence of quality sleep, certain emotional responses or reactions could emerge too. (Endicott, 2011) It is

Applied Information Technology Project Part2 Assignment

Applied Information Technology Project Part2 - Assignment Example By sustaining a narrow profit margin, the grocery proved to be successful and by 1926, M.B. acquired 322 Safeway stores and incorporated as Safeway Inc. the merger saw the incorporation of the grocery to Safeway Inc. before joining the New York Stock Exchange. As a form of improving the quality of products, Safeway introduced product quality assurance through a â€Å"sell by† date on the perishable products for the assurance of quality and nutrients labelling. As of 2013, Safeway Inc had an operating income of U.S. $17.219 billion and employed approximately 138,000 employees. According to Someville (n.p), today Safeway controls about $25 billion in private equity from New York Security Exchange. Since 1928, Safeway Inc. has been listed on the New York Stock exchange, and its headquarters are situated in Pleasanton, California. The retail store’s mission is to ensure that its employees establish loyal relationships with its clients, while its mission emphasizes the use o f employees’ talents and passion to grant customers the best experience. Although Safeway Stores are in the process of merging with Albertsons Grocery Stores, their name while remain while business will proceed as usual under new management. Owing to the merger, some Safeway stores expect great improvements, including better customer services and cleaner stores. In addition, Alberterson reveals that its aim of acquiring Safeways was to put a shine on it through improved customer service and memorable customer experience. However, there is little hope that Safeways will remain given that Albertsons has a history of demising acquired firms such as Hayward-Based Mervyns that was declared bankrupt in 2008. Another controversial aspect of the merger is that Albertson is known for its stake in car, and guns and military and not supermarkets or grocery operations. The acquisition of Safeway places it in a company that has 27 distribution facilities, 2,400 stores, and 20

What does it take to be successful in life Essay

What does it take to be successful in life - Essay Example Once they have identified their mistakes and outlined the future course of action that they would take in similar circumstances, they tend to overcome their weaknesses the next time they are in them. Right behavior and rational approach is like a skill that is mastered through practice, experience and reflection upon it. â€Å"An expert is a person who has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field† (Bohr cited in â€Å"Mistakes Quotes†). Man has been given the ability to decide much of his fortune himself. Those who think and reflect upon their experiences for learning make their life different from the larger group that does not. One is required to be humble in one’s attitude towards others. One should deal others with the same respect one wants others to deal one with. That does not necessarily mean that one should kill one’s ego and accept any thing that the society has to offer. One should never kill one’s ego. Those who completely loose their ego are at the expense of the society and hence, are vulnerable to unjust criticism, humility and insult. The society considers such people as worthless and makes every attempt to ruin their pleasure and hurt their sentiments. An egoless person is treated very badly and shrewdly by the society at large. Lack of ego destroys an individual’s boundaries. â€Å"Having fuzzy boundaries means you are vulnerable to those who wish to use you, enslave you or hurt you† (Self, Ego and Boundaries†). Therefore, killing one’s ego is never the wise option. However, it should be made right use of. One should be wise enough to know whe re to use ego and to what extent. One should always take a stand for what one considers right and always condemn what one deems wrong. This can only be achieved with the appropriate use of ego. Right use of ego guarantees an individual success and respect in his/her life. People tend to show reverence towards such an individual as they know that he/she is courageous,

Area Based Regeneration Programmes | Evaluation

Area Based Regeneration Programmes | Evaluation Area based regeneration programmes contribute to managing social exclusion but they do not resolve the problem. Critically discuss this statement. The following is a critical discussion of the statement that area based regeneration programmes contribute to managing social exclusion yet fail to resolve the problem. Area based regeneration programmes were developed for various reasons, such as tackling poverty, economic regeneration, reducing unemployment, and managing social exclusion. That the latter was not the sole or exclusive objective of the area based regeneration programmes may explain whether these programmes have or have not resolved the problem of social exclusion. There are also arguments that social exclusion is not a problem that could be completely resolved by any single political, economic, and social policy operating by itself. Social exclusion could be understood in different ways so that some organisations or individuals may be believe that managing it or resolving it would be harder or easier than other people would expect. The management of social exclusion without resolving the problem as a whole may or may not be a commendable achievement within its own right, even if it still leaves the problem of social exclusion in existence, this to will be critically discussed. Area based regeneration programmes came into existence to counteract the damaging economic and social consequences of industrial decline in Britain’s inner cities like Liverpool, London, or Birmingham; and in some of the country’s most heavily industrialised areas such as North Eastern England, the Clyde, and South Wales from the1970s onwards. These industrial areas were locations were the Conservatives electoral support had often been weak although until the Thatcher government the party had been content to subsidise industries in these areas. Previously, government policies did not specifically attempt area based regeneration programmes to tackle social exclusion. Instead governments aimed to use Keynesian economic policies to maintain full employment, and when necessary would keep factories, coalmines, and shipyards open in run down areas with government subsidies. Where any regeneration had taken place it had usually been the replacement of slum housing with new hou sing estates and tower blocks (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 12). Government policies were meant to reduce, manage, or resolve social exclusion by helping people upon an individual basis by targeting social security, health, education, and housing policies to those that needed that help the most. Individuals rather than geographical areas, or local communities were the focus of help from the government. To tackle social exclusion governments had also introduced legislation to reduce social and economic discrimination, such as race relations and equal pay legislation (Coxall, Robbins, Leach, 2003 p. 397). Ironically enough the impetus for the development of area based regeneration programmes would occur under the Conservative governments after 1979, which were not initially interested in managing social exclusion or implementing area based regeneration programmes. Running these regeneration programmes was contrary to the Thatcherite ethos of reducing state involvement in social and economic policies. Thatcherite economic policies ended subsidies to the nationalised industries leading to factories, coalmines, and shipyards closing down. Those closures and the collapse of uncompetitive private sector companies lead to high unemployment in former industrialised areas and the inner cities, that in turn increased levels of social exclusion (Moran, 2005 p. 14). The Thatcher government only began area based regeneration programmes as a response to the inner city riots of 1981, which, highlighted the problems that social exclusion and economic decay could cause (Taylor et al, 2000 p.331). At this point the social exclusion and economic deprivations in the former industrial areas and the inner cities reached levels that had not been witnessed since the hard hitting depression of the 1930s (Jones, 1999 p. 8). At first the Thatcher government seemed unable to slow down the increasing levels of social exclusion let alone manage or reduce that problem, which it considered less important than lowering inflation, weakening the trade unions, and rolling back the state. Of course increasing levels of unemployment actually meant that expenditure on social security benefits increased rather than decreased. No doubt the Thatcher government was helped in its decision to start area based regeneration programmes by the availability of European Union regional development funds, that were allocated to the most economically deprived and socially excluded regions within the member states. This meant that the government was able to receive extra funding to regenerate the areas most severel y affected by the recession of the early 1980s, and were by-passed any economic recovery or moves to manage social exclusion (Moran, 2005 p. 100). Area based regeneration programmes were primarily aimed at economic regeneration to reduce unemployment, and its linked social consequences such as rising crime levels and increased incidence of social exclusion. It was believed that reducing unemployment would manage and perhaps eventually remove social exclusion, whilst social security benefits were supposed to help those that did not or could not work. The Conservatives established regional development corporations to carry out regeneration programmes in the inner cities and former industrial areas, for instance regenerating parts of London, Birmingham, and Liverpool. However under the Conservatives the main efforts to manage social exclusion were confined to helping individuals through government training schemes such as Training for Work and the Youth Training Scheme (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 16). New Labour was keen to extend area based regeneration programmes to proactively manage, and perhaps eventually resolve social exclusion, and increase measures to reduce unemployment. New Labour extended its New Deal initiative to cover deprived areas within the New Deal for Communities programme (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 175). The New Deal for Communities programme was meant to be in a slightly different form to previous area based regeneration programmes as local community groups were supposed to have a greater influence over the projects selected to regenerate their local communities (Fisher, Denver, Benyon, 2003 p. 216). Generally community groups have welcomed being able to have an influence over the projects selected to regenerate their communities. Community groups before New Deal for Communities often felt excluded from the decision-making processes relating to the areas in which they lived in (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 175). Not every New Deal for Communities programme has gone well, most notably the Aston Pride Project which failed due to a poor relationship between the community groups, the local authority, and various government agencies. The project was closed down early amidst allegations of corruption within the community groups and counter allegations of racism within the local authority and government agencies (Dale, May 28 2004). Whilst area based regeneration programmes have been largely effective at managing social exclusion, there are limits to explain why these programmes are unlikely to resolve the problem of social exclusion altogether. When area based regeneration programmes have been completed there maybe new businesses that have moved to that location and sometimes the standard of housing has been improved, certainly positive achievements, yet not likely to resolve social exclusion by themselves (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005, p. 175). Both Conservative and New Labour governments have found through experience that area based regeneration programmes are more likely to succeed in managing and eventually resolving the problem of social exclusion when used in conjunction with other initiatives, such as tackling discrimination, poor housing, health and education services. Social exclusion will also need reduced crime levels to stand a chance of being managed (Jones et al, 2004, p. 619). Schemes such as Training for Work New Deal can lower unemployment, yet there are limits on what they can achieve. Completing those schemes has made people more employable, although they may gain employment outside of the deprived or regenerated areas that they live in. New Deal is probably here to stay as part of New Labour’s welfare to work strategy. New Deal itself targets extra help to those groups that have found it harder to find or keep jobs, such as lone parents and the disabled (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 316). These groups are more vulnerable to suffering from social exclusion without living in areas that are economically or socially deprived. These groups are not only helped by New Deal, they are also helped by tax credits and child tax credits. The government wished to improve the opportunity for all children with better education provision and the Sure-start programme for children from deprived areas or families with low incomes. New Labour has also attempted to tackle social exclusion am ongst pensioners with the introduction of pension credit (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p.315). Therefore it can be concluded that area based regeneration programmes have helped to manage social exclusion without being able to remove the problem itself. Area based regeneration programmes were primarily set up to lower unemployment and reduce social exclusion that was higher in the inner cities, and former industrial areas such as North East England, and South Wales. The Thatcher government in many respects made the problem of social exclusion worse rather than better as it pursued economic and social policies that increased unemployment, crime, and social deprivation. The inner city riots of 1981 got the Thatcher government to start area based regeneration programmes in order to maintain political stability, and economic growth. It however became harder to manage levels of social exclusion due to the sell off of council houses that made it harder for people on low incomes to afford their housing costs. The beginning of EU spending to boost and regenerate the most run down areas in the community provided extra funding for the British government to spend more on managing social exclusion. New Labour has been much more interested in managing and if possible resolving the problem of social exclusion by using area based regeneration programmes in combination with other measures such as Surestart, New Deal, and EU regional development funds. New Labour has tried to increase the amount of area based regeneration programmes in existence with its New Deal for Communities initiatives which have included local community groups in the decision-making process and have contributed to managing social exclusion effectively aside from the Aston Pride Project. Bibliography Coxall B, Robins L Leach R (2003) Contemporary British Politics 4th edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke Dale P – Aston Pride race bias allegation, Birmingham Post May 28 2004 Fisher J, Denver D, Benyon J, (2003) Central Debates in British Politics, Longman, London Jones B, (1999) issues in British Politics Today, Manchester University Press, Manchester Jones B, Kavanagh D, Moran M, Norton P, (2004) Politics UK, 5th edition, Pearson Longman, London Moran M, (2005) Politic and Governance in the UK, Palgrave, Basingstoke Seldon A Kavanagh D, (2005) The Blair Effect 2001 – 5, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Taylor P, Richardson J, Yeo A, Marsh I, Trobe K Pilkington A (2000) Sociology in Focus, Causeway Press Limited, Ormskirk

Winnipeg General Strike

The Winnipeg General Strike was a landmark in North America. The strike officially began on May 15th, 1919 at 11:00 AM and continued until late June, 1919, and approximately 35, 000 workers, basically the entire workforce of Winnipeg, walked off their jobs, risking their entire lives (Naylor, 2009). This strike has been one of the most studied historic moments in Canadian history. The General Strike had been brewing for many years prior to 1919, a large series of circumstances contributed to the strike, from international to local (Beszterda, 1975). The strike began in the beginning of May, 1919, after months of labor negotiations the workforce finally had enough and the strike began. The metalworkers were next to participate the strike, the employers of the main factories in the town refused to negotiate their contract. There was a committee that was composed of 1,000 manufactures, bankers, and politicians; they called themselves the Citizens Committee. The Winnipeg General Strike was caused by many reasons. One reason was the immediate reasons for the building of trades and metal workers going on strike for better wages and to improve the conditions that they worked in daily. The workers were payed a low wage and worked in horrible conditions that would automatically be condemned today. The money that they worked extremely hard for made it difficult to leave comfortably, as many people do today. The sweep of the strike involved non-unionzed workers as well, which arose from problems with World War 1. They sacrificed years of high expectations suring the war and its aftermath were greeted with high unemployment instead, an industrial turndown, and inflation. The tight labour market had led to an increase in unions, the success of the Russion Revolution in 1917 had led not only to an increase in ideas, but it also provoked a fear on the part of those in authority. (Munroe, 2010) The One Big Union was a major part of the strike. They did not organize or lead the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, although its history was closely intertwined with that of the strike. Their radical ideas were getting warm response from many trade unionists. Once the delegates from western Canada unions arrived in Calgary for the meeting in the spring, they were no longer interested in fixing the Trades and Labor Congress. By moving to create the One Big Union, the Candians in the west had created many enimies for themselves, the business world, government officials, and all the craft unions all felt threated by the One Big Union. Spring of 1919, the newly formed Winnipeg Building Trades Council opened their doors for negotiations with their employer, the Winnipeg Builders Exchange. The workers were looking for increase in pay that would allow them to regain what they had lost to the war inflation. Builders stated that without the increase in construction, they could not afford to pay the higher wages that were demanded. Once this negoation was over, the employers agreed to a â€Å"take-it-or-leave-it† approach, stating that if they did not like the wages, then they did not do it and it was over. In results of fearing that the strike would spread to other cities, Senator Robertson was ordered to mediate the dispute and make a final ruling. Once both sides have been heard, he decided that the strikers and the City Council to accept the employee’s proposal. Once they learned of their success, they knew for sure that they would be using striking again in the future (Wikipedia, 2010). After the strike, the metal workers finally received the pay increase they were fighting for and went back to work satisfied with the outcome from the Winnipeg Strike. Some of the workers were not so lucky, they were thrown into jail for the reckless behavior they exhibited during the strike. Seven of the strike leaders were thrown into jail for conspiracy to overthrow the government, they were imprisoned for two years. They won 11 seats on the provincial election in Manitoba, four of them were the strike leaders. After 20 years, collective bargaining was finally looked at again in Canada. Due to the fact that nobody was working and the majority of the workforce were participating in the General Strike, Winnipeg’s economy went into decline. (Munroe, 2010). The effects from these outcomes are still in effect today. We are still receiving higher wages yearly. Minimum wage standards keep increasing at a constant in all provinces per year. This strike may have caused the working conditions today to be as good as what they are. If people hadn’t fought years ago for this then employers today would still be trying to do whatever they can, there would be no standards for employment and the basis for strikes would not be there. Works Cited http://www.cupe1975.ca/bursary/burs4.html http://canadaonline.about.com/od/canadianhistory/a/winnipegstrike.htm

Sunflower Incorporated

Sunflower Incorporated is a large distribution company with over 5,000 employees and gross sales over $700 million in 1991. The company purchases and distributes salty snack foods and liquor to independent retail stores throughout the United States and Canada. Salty snack foods include corn chips, potato chips, cheese curls, tortilla chips, and peanuts. The United States and Canada are divided into 22 regions, each with its own central warehouse, salespeople, finance department, and purchasing department. The organization distributes national as well as local brands and packages some items under private labels. The head office encourages each regions to be autonomous because of local tastes and practices. The northeast United States, for example, consumes a greater percentage of Canadian whisky and American bourbon, while the West consumes more light liquors, such as vodka, gin, and rum. Snack foods in the Southwest are often seasoned to reflect Mexican tastes. Early in 1989, Sunflower began using a financial reporting system that compared sales, costs, and profits across regions. Management was surprised to learn that profits varied widely. By 1990, the differences was so great that management decided some standardization was necessary. They believed that highly profitable regions were sometimes using lower-quality items, even seconds, to boost profit margins. The practice could hurt Sunflower’s image. Other regions were facing intense price competition in order to hold market share. National distributors were pushing hard to increase their market share. Frito-Lay, Bordens, Nabisco, Procter & Gamble (Pringles), and Standard Brands (Planter’s peanuts) were pushing hard to increase market share by cutting prices and launching new products. As these problems accumulated, Mr. Steelman, president of Sunflower, decided to create a new position to monitor pricing and purchasing practices. Agnes Albanese was hired from the finance department of a competing organization. Her new title was director of pricing and purchasing, and she reported to the vice president of finance, Mr. Mobley. Steelman and Mobley gave Albanese great freedom in organizing her job and encouraged her to establish whatever rules and procedures were necessary. She was also encouraged to gather information from each region. Each region was notified of her appoinment by an official memo sent to the regional managers. A copy of the memo was posted on each warehouse bulletin board. The announcement was also made in the company newspaper. After 3 weeks on the job, Albanese decided that pricing and purchasing decisions should be standardized across regions. As a first step, she wanted the financial executive in each regions to notify her of any change in local prices of more than 3%. She also decided that all new contracts for local purchases of more than $5,000 should be cleared through her office. Albanese believed that the only way to standardize operations was for each region to notify the home office in advance of any change in prices or purchases. Albanese discussed the proposed policy with Mobley. He agreed, so they submitted a formal proposal to the president and board of directors, who approved the plan. Sunflower was moving into the peak holiday season, so Albanese wanted to implement the new procedures right away. She decided to send an email to the financial and purchasing executives in each region notifying them of the new procedures. The change would be inserted in all policy and procedure manuals thorughout Sunflower within 4 months. Albanese showed a draft of the email to Mobley and invited his comments. Mobley said the Internet was an excellent idea but it was not sufficient. The regions handle hundreds of items and were used to decentralized decision making. Mobley suggested that Albanese ought to visit the regions and discuss purchasing and pricing policies with the executives. Albanese refused, saying that the trips would be expensive and time-consuming. She had so many things to do at headquarters that a trip was impossible. Mobley also suggested waiting to implement the procedures until after the annual company meeting 3 months. Albanese said this would take too long because the procedures would not take effect until after the peak sales season. She believed the procedures were needed now. The email went out the next day. During the next few days, replies came in from most of the regions. The executives were in agreement with the email and said they would be happy to cooperate. Eight weeks later, Albanese had not received notices from any regions about local price or purchase change. Other executives who had visited regional warehouses indicated to her that the regions were busy as usual. Regional executives seemed to be following usual procedures for that time of year. Albanese might analyze what the cause of the ineffective organizationl changes, and she might done differently. Albanese should do something now. From the case above, we now that the cause of the ineffective organization changes are: first, response to changes programs were less enthusiastic. The regional executives was not give their opinions, critics, and participation in developing the programs. Their enthusiastic have showed just in the next few days from the email about the announcement the changes programs was sent. But, there was no enthusiastic in 2 months later. Seconds, the changes program may be agreed by regional executives but were perceived as not in top priority. The regional offices might face the different various problems because of local market characteristics and practices, and they made the priority rank of the problems and other implementations differently. Third, the changes programs seemed to be not well planned. Because the programs built on the Albanese perceptions of the expensiveness and time-consume. Fourth, data gathering was not conducted properly. So, Albanese was not capture the â€Å"real problems† and how to solve it efficiently and instituzionalizing the interventions. Fifth, data analysis was done inappropriately, no follow-up actions were taken to confirm the real problems. The actions wasn’t conducted by accurate data analysis. Sixth, no opportunity was given to regional executives to participate in the change programs. The email procedure was not give the regional executives to build a feedback, and report the implementation problems they faced. Seventh, limited time was avaible to implement the change. Eighth, socialization was done via email only indicated that dominance strategy was implemented, feeding back process was less effective. So, the organization should take change actions building on the cause of the ineffective organizational changes. The Sunflower could be done : 1. Improving the planning process. Sunflower can use the general model of planned change for the Organizational Change and Develoment theory. The four activites in the planning process (entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing, and evaluating and institutionalizing) can be used to describe how to take changes in Sunflower. 2. Visiting regions to gather (and confirm) the data, offer the changes program, encourage participation, and build commitment. The head office and regional office can discuss together how to plan the changes programs and how well implement it. The commitment for to implement the change continually should be increased. 3. Allocate reasonable time frame for socialization, transition process (process in the organizational change and development when the performance decrease because of the implementation of the changes programs before it result the more effective and increase in the performance), feeding back to improve the changes programs, and provide opportunities to regions executives to speak up, 4. Implement the changes at the (more) appropriate time (not it busy season). It is important to diagnose the best moment for implementation of the changes programs. 5. Actively monitor the implementation and evaluate periodically and accurately. Feedback about intervention’s results provides information about whether the change should be continued, modified, or suspended.

Chess compared to Social Truth essays

Chess compared to Social Truth essays Although board games may appear to be merely a means of recreation and a trivial factor of American culture, they actually represent much more. One specific game worthy of study is chess, which serves a much more fundamental purpose than that for which it is generally given credit. Chess not only has historically formed one of the chief means employed by societies to draw its collective bonds closer, but it also conveys many truths of politics and gamesmanship, while shining a light on economic solutions as well as foreign relations. In Making Your Move: The Educational Significance of the American Board Game, 1832 to 1904, by David Wallace Adams and Victor Edmonds, there is given a preliminary explanation of how board games, in a general sense, have the capability of bringing to the surface social mores. One such more demonstrated in the game of chess involves traditional protestant values such as hard work, piety, frugality, and perseverance, then success was just around the corner (Adams and Edmonds 363). Chess, unlike many games, stresses such qualities as perseverance and frugality. It is not essentially a game won with bold, romantic moves in the opening, but rather with careful patience in the end game. Chess involves calculation and hard work, but these must be courted by a sense of inherent piety and understanding. Much like in the intricate process of volleying to get ahead in American society, chess can not be won in the opening, but it can be lost. Classic openings such as the Ruy Lopez, the Kings Gambit, the Sicilian Defense, the Caro Kann opening, and the Scotch Game all are opening sequences that encompass a careful guardianship of the center squares. Although the object of the game is to checkmate the king, it is first mandatory to acquire board position that allows this end result to be possible. This sort of strategy, which is common among excellent chess players, is analogous to the type...

Internet1 essays

Internet1 essays "Beam me up, Scottie." This popular line from Star Trek was a demonstration of the advanced technology of the future. Though it was a fictional story, Star Trek became the universal vision of the future. As always reality tends to mimic fiction. Though our society has not quite resulted to living in space, we have made life easier with technology. Economic survival has become more dependent upon information and communications bringing forth new technology of which was never thought possible. Just a mere thirty years ago a computer occupied a whole room compared todays palm sized computers, which are faster and perform more functions. Cellular phones, now light and compact, were bulky just ten years ago. The most incredible invention, the Internet, is bringing infinite amount of information to your desktop. In the world of the of the Internet there exist a world blind to skin color and other physical appearances. The Internet while still young in age has grown rapidly, spreading to countries world wide and connecting 50 million users. With its popularity, it is incumbent upon our society to recognize how the Internet works and to be aware of its advantages as well as disadvantages. While seemingly high tech the Internet concept is rather simple. Computers speak to one another and send information. This is accomplished by sending and receiving electronic impulse, and then decoding them into a message. In order to communicate with one another they are linked up in a network. They are then able to access information from thousands of other computers. The network acts like one large computer storing information in various places, rather than in one physical structure. Users tap into the Internet to access or provide information. Internet technology allows one to surf the World Wide Web or send e-mail. The vision of the Internet that would revolutionize the computer and communications belonged to JCR Licklider of MIT (Leiner n. pa...

Indias Cast System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Indias Cast System - Essay Example It is linked to a concept called the four varnas, which will be covered in more detail below. The caste system comes about from an innate (something that a being is born with) spiritual place in the universe based upon these four varnas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the caste system in India and it’s relationships to Hinduism to provide a general overview of this important aspect of Indian life. The paper will also explore how important this system is for many Indians, and the changes that are being made to the system in response to global political change. Overview of the Caste System To fully understand the caste system of India, the specific consideration of different spiritual aspects is needed. Perhaps the most important part of the caste system is based around the central concept of the four varnas, which are large categories. The first of these (and the most highly regarded) is the Brahmin class. The usual translation for this caste is schola rly, representing the important role that this caste plays in religious and philosophical occupations within India (Fuller, 1979). The next most highly regarded caste is the Kshatriya, representing what could be considered a military elite or warrior class. The purpose of this caste in Hindu society is to protect society (Fuller, 1979). The third most important class according to the varnas is the Vaishya class. This is the pastoral or farming class, with many of the occupations of its members revolving around livestock and crop farming. This caste may also take up trade careers (Chandra, 2005). Finally, Shudra individuals are seen as part of the servant class. People born into this caste may typically expect to have jobs serving the members of the other three castes (Chandra, 2005). There is also a final group which may not be seen as part of the traditional caste system, for individuals who are not members of any other group. These people are known as the untouchables and can occu py some of the least favourable positions in society and can be ignored by members of any caste (Pruthi, 2004). There are also further divisions within each caste which are known as jatis (Singh, 2005). These can vary between Indian regions, but family members tend to remain within one jati (which dictates occupation). It is also traditional for jati members to marry within a group and carry on an occupation lineage, as with the much broader caste system described above (Singh, 2005). Each jati will fit with other ‘tribes’ into the more general caste system outlined above. These groups tend to be much smaller but still very close-knit in nature, which has led some people to call the jati the ‘building blocks’ of Indian society (Pruthi, 2004). It can be fairly difficult to move between jatis, as with castes, because intermarriage and communication between the groups is not generally encouraged (Pruthi, 2004). It may also be difficult for a member of one jati to learn the trade of another, again prohibiting movement between the groups (Pruthi, 2004). It is possible for a jati as a whole to improve social status by avoiding untouchables and unpleasant work and taking on more priestly ways (such as following the Hindu practices of vegetarianism, for example). History of the Caste System There is some debate about the origination of the caste system. As it has such close ties to Hinduism, it makes sense to evaluate the

Evaluation Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Evaluation Argument - Essay Example Waiting to meet Jesus is a healthy journey for everyone, but the pressures of the society can interrupt this waiting, and cause an individual to go against the will of God, by being forced to lie to having met Jesus, even though in the real sense Jesus has not yet visited the individual. Thus, the understanding and practice of religion might be marred with widespread confusion, most especially when the practice of religion is associated with induction of a child, but external pressure can obstruct the good judgment in matters of religion even more. The elaborate understanding of religion and its practice is fundamental for an individual seeking to join and practice it. The misunderstanding of the basic tenets surrounding a religion might see an individual simply enter into a religion, but remain disappointed afterwards, when the expectations held by the individual are not met (Klick, 27). In the article the article "Salvation" by Langston Huges, joining the religious practice happened in utter confusion, since the understanding of Huges was that he must first meet Jesus physically. Huges had been told by his auntie Reeds that â€Å"when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life!† (Huges, n.p.). In this respect, his understanding of this process of getting saved was in its literal meaning. Thus, this understanding build such an expectation in his mind; that seeing the light and feeling something happen on the inside will be the hallmarks of accepting salvation. Th erefore, the fact that it was becoming too late and everyone else had gotten saved except for him, made Huges remain with no other choice but to take the step forward and accept salvation without having first experienced the light and something happening on the inside. It can therefore be seen that Langston Huges’ article, "Salvation", may not

Knowledge in American History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge in American History - Term Paper Example These amendments were pivotal in the history of African Americans and along with the 20th century Civil Rights movement constitute the most crucial periods in terms of freedom for African Americans. Even as the Constitution guaranteed rights to African Americans there was still a substantial amount of resistance, particularly at the hands of Southern states. This era saw the rise of the Ku Klux Klan as a means of oppressing African Americans. The Klan would engage in acts of terrorism, including house burnings and murder, as a means of intimidating African Americans. The Civil Rights Act of 1871 was put in place to restrict ethnic violence in response to the Ku Klux Klan movement (Stevens, 2001). During this period ‘black codes’ were also enacted as a means of attempting to oppress the recently freed African Americans. These acts were enacted by some Southern states as a means of continuing to restrict the rights of African Americans through controlling employment, their right to own firearms, or act as jurors in trials of white individuals. With the Civil Rights Act of 1866 these acts were repealed (Stevens, 2001). With the added control over employment and the plentiful agricultural land in the Southern regions, African Americans began engaging in sharecropping activities. Sharecropping occurred on land that was previously used as a plantation. In these instances, African Americans would rent small plots of land from the plantation owner to harvest their own crops. During this period there were also extraordinarily high illiteracy rates among African Americans, with a reported 70% illiteracy rate in the Southern states (Stevens, 2001). In response, this era also witnessed the emergence of some of the first schools for black... This term paper mostly focuses on the period of American history, in which African Americans led their fight for equality in civil rights, in knowledge and opportunities. The researcher follows and examines the historical progression of African Americans throughout five distinct periods in American history spanning from 1865 through the present era. In the term paper, it’s clear that throughout the eras examined by the researcher the United States experienced significant historical progress in regards to the social and cultural position of African Americans. Unit One examines the Reconstruction period and how African Americans fought to achieve rights and prosperity in the wake of the Civil War. Unit Two of this term paper follows this progression as Southern states attempted to counteract black progress through enacting Jim Crow laws that would remain in place until the second half of the twentieth century. Unit Three explores the continued oppression of blacks through Jim Cr ow laws, as well as the Great Migration wherein great amounts of individuals migrated north to escape this oppression. The Great Migration consisted of the migration of over five million African Americans from the Southern to Northern States. Unit Four of the term paper examines the substantial progress made during the Civil Rights Movement. Finally, Unit Five examines this progress as African Americans made gains in achieving political office and experiencing employment gains. President Kennedy and Martin Luther King were mentioned in this part.

The making and breaking of port kembla Essay Example for Free

The making and breaking of port kembla Essay Locality and society are interlinked with worker communities as new labor is inducted in areas which are industrializing. The interaction between workers and communities is thus not constant and remains dynamic. As industrialization took place in the early 20th Century in Australia, workers communities grew around a predominantly agricultural hinterland. These got bigger each day and in turn threatened to displace local communities particularly the indigenous people who were unable to adapt to the changing environment. The emerging conflict led to creation of social institutions by workers in the form of unions to collectively bargain from a position of strength with the community. While this empowered worker communities as a whole, it had varying influences on the lives of workers within the community as well as at the work place. The post industrialization phase where production has been automated and has become far less labor intensive has added a new dimension to this relationship. By drawing upon the example of Port Kembla, the Australian steel township, Erik Eklund has successfully weaved together the historical narrative of interaction of the diverse forces which create a modern industrial society and how social forces enable some organizations to survive while others perish for lack of adaptability. Eklund’s social history of workers in Port Kembla very aptly describes the manner in which the working class fits into the community, the social institutions that the workers create to survive and flourish and the control that the workers gain over their own lives at work and in the community in the process. Port Kembla – The Social Environment Port Kembla is a classic case of emergence of an industrial society amidst the tectonic shifts that take place due to influence of many factors, global, local, war, peace and a depressed economy. Steel represents the primary agent of change in the industrial World. Port Kembla was the principal steel making area in Australia, where prominent steel makers had established their factories which had grown into large behemoths. But steel making is much more than just technology or organization of labor. It has many other facets such as creation of social classes, assimilation of outside forces, suppression of indigenous forces and resistance between these. The steel industry in Port Kembla underwent a number of changes over the years which in turn impacted the development of the community. Till the 1930’s the worker community relationship was mixed with a balanced influence of the informal non market economy and workers communities. However thereafter with the emergence of an industrial society the influence of class politics defined by the powerful role played by the unions which attempted to gain control of both the communities and the workers dominated the socio political panorama of Port Kembla. Global events such as the Depression, the World Wars, the global Depression and post War industrialization also had a powerful influence on community politics in Port Kembla. The creation of localities and their structures set the stage for discussion of class, locality and politics. The struggle waged by the indigenous people, the Kooris to survive the onslaught of industrialization in their native land is illustrative of the large scale social changes in Port Kembla which led to emergence of the supremacy of the Industrial Society in the post Second World War milieu. The final stage is the post industrial society; a process could lead to emergence of new social structures. The model of the workers in Port Kembla provides a successful portray of the social history of industrial society in Australia emerged over the years. Working Class and Overall Community Life The working class has emerged as a result of industrialization which has led to a large congregation of people working together in factories. There has been no other human activity which has brought together so many people in one location as production of goods through a machine economy. A study of the bureaucratic structure, the technology and external factors which influences work in factories and the interaction of the new work society which is formed due to redesigned occupational activity with the community provide an innate social perspective of this phenomenon in the industrial age. The working class emerges as a separate locality within the larger community; it gives them a sense of distinct identity. The co relationship between the working class and the community denoted is thus that of interdependency. However this relationship takes a long time to develop and cannot emerge merely by the artificial process of creating jobs. Jobs are just one part of the exercise of industrialization; it is the manner in which the working class and the community homogenize with each other that marks the holistic growth of an industry. This lesson stands out quite clearly through lucid portrayals of worker communities in Port Kembla. From the dirty, sooty, black image of steel furnaces which marked the early stages of industrialization in Port Kembla, it is seen that as the community grew so did the industry as well as the commercial establishments in the city. The social changes which brought about these linkages enabled a whole, â€Å"locality† of workers to emerge within the community. In turn the impact of local life and tenor on the emergence of the industrial society provides a fascinating perspective. The various waves that brought about change in the industry and concomitantly with the society also need to be well understood. Whether it is migration, gender awareness, a class struggle or redefining the identities of the locals, the working class fits into a local community’s life by creation of institutions for their own well being in the form of unions. Workers Social Institutions The workers needed to create support establishments to survive varied types of pressures, from capitalists, the depression in the economy and loss of jobs. They succeeded in creating adequate safety mechanisms to support themselves as a community. Port Kembla did not have many social institutions in the initial stages when industry was set up in the township. Thus there was a mixed culture with the establishment of Electrolytic Refining and Smelting (ERS) and Metal Manufacturers which carried on with the pre industrial age non formal institutions based on agriculture, fishery and hunting. But the growth of the steel industry under the leadership of BHP which established the Australian Iron and Steel led to creation of an industrial society. The congregation of labor in large numbers was implicit in creation of institutions by them for sustaining their rights and obtaining fair treatment. Unions were a natural corollary to industrialization in Port Kembla. The creation of unions was a safety mechanism that provided the labor working in the large steel factories a sense of security. This was the initial period of localism which soon came under threat from regionalism with the expansion of the steel industry linking Kembla with Wollongong. These forces attempted to displace gradually the locals who had focused on their own borough in the city and tried to create all encompassing institutions. On the social side, workers safety systems were also seen to be based on their kinship affiliation. This was more than evident in the early stages of migration of communities post Second World War as a large number of people from Eastern Europe, Greece and Italy as well as Vietnam and the Middle East came in to feed the expanded need of labor. These however remained a sub text within the larger text provided by the industrial associations of labor unions, which were the primary institutions for support created by workers in Kembla. Control of Workers Within and in the Community While the workers seem to have developed reasonable order in their working lives due to creation of unions, their influence within the community was relatively weaker. Thus while there was unity amongst the workers themselves due to unionized structure of their organization which was to provide a safety network, within the society there were many pressures. Firstly the worker community itself was divided into a large number of unions such as the AWU, the Federated Ironworkers, the South Coast Labor Council and also political parties as the Communist party which had a strong presence in Port Kembla. This division perhaps led to weakening the position of the unions as a whole in the community.

Why Was There Relative Stability in the Balkans, In the Period 1890-1908? :: European Europe History

Why Was There Relative Stability in the Balkans, In the Period 1890-1908? Between the years of 1890 and 1908 there was a period of relative stability in the Balkan area. Whilst, in this essay, it is my primary objective to look at what factors caused this, it is first important to understand that the climate was only stable in comparison to the years before it - when there was great tension, argument and conflict. It would be naà ¯ve to assume that after 1890 there was none of the aforementioned; the importance of the word 'relative' should not be overlooked. Take, for example, the infamous Armenian massacres of 1894 and 1896. At that time there were about a million Armenians under Turkish rule. They were a badly oppressed minority, discriminated against in just about every conceivable way. When the Armenian people began to press for improved rights and independence, the Turkish reaction was to silence them through acts of murder. This is clearly not an act usually associated with stability. Another prime example that the stability in the Balkans was only ever relative is the crisis of 1903. The Serbian King was assassinated in a military coup and replaced by King Peter, who belonged to a different dynasty. He was pro-Russian which angered Austria-Hungary, who had been allied with Serbia. Austria-Hungary placed economic sanctions on the Serbs in the hope of forcing them back into an alliance, but this only succeeded in worsening relations between the two and pushing Serbia into Russian hands. That said, there is no doubt that the climate surrounding the Balkans was far more relaxed and stable between 1890 and 1908 than it had been for many decades beforehand. There were several factors that contributed to this, the primary reason being (in my opinion) the change in Russian foreign policy. Before 1890, Russian was often the root cause of tension and conflict, because of her foreign policy objectives - she had two principle objectives: to unite the Slav people of the Balkans, in order to create a 'Greater Motherland', and also to gain greater access to The Straits. This was most evident in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877, where Russia had emerged victorious, and attempted to create a 'Bigger Bulgaria' of Slav people in the (eventually) abortive treaty of San Stefano. After 1890 Russia felt that if they continued to pursue their interests in the Balkans, it was a lot of trouble for possibly no gain, so instead she began looking to the East and the far greater opportunities for expansion in China, Japan and Manchuria.

Little Women: a Look Into Gender Roles in 1941 Essay

A look into gender roles in 1941 The photograph â€Å"Little Girls with Their Dolls and Buggies† (1941), taken by Russell Lee, is of two young girls pushing baby dolls in carriages along a sidewalk in Caldwell, Idaho. It’s a bright, sunny day and the girls are walking alone, with no other people visible in the photograph. Both girls are smiling, and the girl pictured to the right is looking intently at the girl to the left. Behind the girls to the left we see a respectably sized house, and well maintained lawn. Behind them, the sidewalk endlessly continues to trees in the background. To the right of the picture there is a road which contains no cars. It appears to be in a middle to upper class, suburban neighborhood. They appear to be approximately the same age and are similarly dressed. It is an intriguing image that demonstrates traditionally accepted feminine gender roles during the mid 20th century. Gender roles can typically be defined as the behaviors and attitudes expected of male and female members of a society by that society. In 1941, women were typically expected to stay home and raise a family. They were also supposed to be social and they were Judged quite often on their appearance. These expectations of women were pushed upon them at a young age, as shown through the photograph. The girls appear to be about seven years old and they are already pushing around baby dolls and exploring their maternal roles. How identical the girls look is also a very revealing. The girls don’t look to be related, but yet they appear as mirror images of one another. They both have short, groomed hair, pulled away from their face. They are both wearing dresses, and are pushing ractically identical carriages. They are shaped to look â€Å"how a woman should† and follow the same expected role of women during that time period. I think it’s also important to note the variety of social influences of gender roles. Influence and reinforcement of gender roles often comes from the toys children play with. Dolls are traditionally a toy for girls. Dolls tend to represent feminine traits and help to prepare young girls for the task of motherhood. Children tend to get most of their toys from a parent or family member, who often has the strongest influences on a erson’s gender role. The young girls clothing also comes from their parents. This is yet another example of how their parents reinforce their perceived gender roles. Peers also play a role in shaping one’s anticipated gender role. During this time especially, peers responded more and got along better with children who fit traditional gender roles. This again leads back to how similarly the girls are dressed in the photograph and the similar toys theyre playing with. The girls are being conditioned to follow society and their peers assumed ideas of the roles they are expected to play. The girls are also walking alone; their parents are not in visible in the photograph. It’s like their parents are trying to let them be â€Å"little adults†. They’re preparing their children for their expected future of raising a family. Imposed gender roles are often hard to escape. Especially during the 1940’s, women had very specific assumed roles. While looking at Russell’s photo, you may see two young girls, message about traditional gender roles. It’s a shame that these girls, at such a young age, were being shaped to a very limited role that society has deemed to be their future.

Dingoes

NAME: _______________________________________ Persuasive Unit Packet In this persuasive essay you will persuade your reader which of the following inventions is most important (is the most valuable to mankind): 1. Electricity – from the light bulb to the computer 2. Writing – the printing press, books, and literacy 3. Immunization – vaccinations against disease 4. Modern Plumbing – the sink, toilet, shower You will be writing a five paragraph essay persuading your reader to think like you. In this packet are the tools that will lead you to write persuasively.This will be due at various times and must be submitted with your final draft. Write in the due dates below as your teacher tells you: * Rough draft to the INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH due * Rough draft to the BODY PARAGRAPH 1 & 2 due * Rough draft to the COUNTER PARAGRAPH due * Rough draft of CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH due * PEER EDITED ROUGH DRAFT due * FINAL, TYPED DRAFT DUE ON Introductory Paragraph Worksheet In the space below write your opinion on which invention you think is the most important. Now, provide six bullets as to why it’s the most important: * * * * * Now combine these thoughts into a rough draft of the thesis: is the invention because (topic)(adjective) (reason #1/body 1) and (reason #2/body 2) Attention Grabber/Active Research An effective persuasive essay includes a hook or attention grabber such as: * Giving some interesting information about your topic * Ask a thought-provoking question * Quote someone knowledgeable about your topic * Share an experience In order to do these, you must research your topic. Chart your research findings below: Fact| Source (website/book)| | | Quote| | Question| |Choosing three of the approaches above, and your research, develop each one into an attention getter: 1. 2. 3. Next, have a peer review these three and have him/her star and initial which one they like best. Introductory Paragraph Rough Draft Now, combine your attention gr abber and thesis and write a rough introductory paragraph. (use the example paragraph on the bottom as a model) Introductory Paragraph Example 1: Last year, our neighbors got a dingo. As a puppy, this Australian wild dog was very friendly. By the time it was six months old, though, the dingo was big and mean.After it attacked our dog, Animal control had to take the dingo away. What if our neighbors buy a baby crocodile next? Exotic pets might be interesting, but they can also cause a lot of trouble. People should think carefully before buying unusual pets because they do not always consider how it grows, they get tired of them, and the pets can even carry exotic diseases. (Write Source, â€Å"Avoiding Exotic Pets† p. 225) THERE IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF AN INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH ON THE NEXT PAGE Introductory Paragraph Example 2: The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come!For America’s students summer vacation means two and a half months without school, but recently many people are asking if this two and a half month break might be a factor in America’s declining education. In his latest interviews, President Obama has spoken about his plan to improve education in America. He has discussed the decline in the education system, and voiced concerns about the ability of American students to remain competitive with nations like Japan. While Obama has discussed changes for several areas of education, he has also proposed lengthening the school year.Although extending the school year is not a wildly popular idea, lengthening the school year will help American students become more competitive by helping to raise student achievement and providing low-income students with equal opportunities for success. Body Paragraph Research #1 Look back at your thesis. Write the FIRST reason you listed why your invention is the best and write it here: Now using this as your guide, research on destiny. sandi. net some evidenc e that proves this claim. Chart your findings below. Fact| Source (website/book)| | | | | | | | | | | | |Body Paragraph #1 Worksheet Write your topic sentence. This should introduce the first reason you listed why your invention is the best (as written in your thesis on worksheet page 2). Example: One problem is that owners often don’t think about what will happen when the animal grows. TS: Now look back at your Body Paragraph Research #1. On that page highlight or circle the two best pieces of evidence that support your claim (listed above). Label them A & B with B being your best (strongest) piece of evidence you have. Write these in a complete sentence below:Example: (CD/A) For example, potbellied pigs are cute when they are little, but they can be hard to handle later on. Your CD/A: Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete details (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Examp le CM for CD/A: This fact proves that ownership of exotic animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures. Your CM: Your CD/B: Example: (CD/B) According to World Book Online, pigs may turn over furniture or dig up the backyard looking for something to eat.Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete details (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Example CM for CD/B: This clearly proves that ownership of exotic animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures. Your CM: Lastly, you will end this body paragraph with a concluding sentence which will transition into reason number two that supports your topic (the second reason listed in your thesis). Example: In fact, in some cases owners become so overwhelmed with their esponsibilities that they take the drastic measure to give away their pet. Your CL: Body Paragraph #1 Rough Draft Below, this is an example of a body paragraph: One pr oblem is that owners often don’t think about what will happen when the animal grows (TS). For example, potbellied pigs are cute when they’re little, but they can be hard to handle later on (CD1). This fact shows that exotic animals can grow into a potential dangerous problem. (CM) According to World Book Online, pigs may turn over furniture or dig up the backyard looking for something to eat (CD2).This clearly proves that ownership of exotic animals becomes more difficult as the animal matures (CM). In fact, in some cases owners become so overwhelmed with their responsibilities that they take the drastic measure to give away their pet (CL). Below, this is an example of another first body paragraph: In recent years, American students have begun to fall behind their international peers. For example, President Obama has cited the fact that in the United States, â€Å"8th Grade curriculum is two year behind competing nations. † If the United States hopes to remain a world power, it is crucial that we take steps to raise our education standards.In order to raise our curriculum and hold our students to higher standards a longer school year is necessary. Furthermore, Obama stated that one third of 13-14 year-olds in America are not reading at grade level. These facts clearly show a huge problem within the U. S. educational system. The ability to read at an appropriate level is essential to success and understanding in school and life. Our educational system is faced with the job of preparing this countries youth for the future, and clearly our students are not developing the necessary skills.Finally, the US math score on the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) test was a 487 which is below the international average of 496. With the advances being made in technology and science it is crucial that American student have a strong understanding of math and science principals. While other countries seem to be excelling in these subjects it is unacceptable for US student to be scoring below the international average. For many years the US has been an international superpower. In order to remain a superpower, The US must take steps to improve education and stop our students from falling behind.ON THE NEXT PAGE YOU WILL WRITE YOUR BODY PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFT Now, combine your work from PAGES 6 and 7 and write your first rough body paragraph. (use the example paragraphs on page 7 as a model) Body Paragraph Research #2 Look back at your thesis. Write the SECOND reason you listed why your invention is the best and write it here: Now using this as your guide, research on destiny. sandi. net some evidence that proves this claim. Chart your findings below. Fact| Source (website/book)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Body Paragraph #2 Worksheet Write your topic sentence.This should introduce the second (and strongest) reason you listed why your invention is the best (as written in your thesis on worksheet page 2). Example: T he most serious problem is that owners who grow tired of their exotic pets have trouble finding new homes for them. TS: Now look back at your Body Paragraph Research #2. On that page highlight or circle the two best pieces of evidence that support your claim (listed above). Label them A & B with B being your best (strongest) piece of evidence you have. Write one in a complete sentence below: Example: (CD/A) Often, shelters cannot take these pets, so owners turn them loose.CD/A: Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete detail (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Example: This example shows how overwhelming owning an exotic pet can be. CM: CD/B: (CD/B) According to the San Diego Tribune, when a woman in Florida reached into her flower garden, a tropical snake that had been turned loose by a neighbor attacked her. Now, provide the commentary (CM) for your concrete detail (CD). Remember, commentary explains to your reader how the concrete details support your topic sentence (TS) IN YOUR OWN WORDS.No example given. See first body paragraph. CM: Lastly, you will end this body paragraph with a concluding sentence which will end the supporting body paragraphs of your paper. Example: In conclusion, exotic animals, while fascinating, do not make the best household pets. CL: Now, combine your work from PAGES 9 and 10 to write your first rough body paragraph. (use the example from body paragraph as a model) Counter Argument Paragraph First, you will acknowledge that other arguments can be made in the defense of alternate inventions. (Immunization, Writing, Modern Plumbing, Electricity)Come up with three arguments used by ONE of the other three inventions discussed: 1. 2. 3. You may use a beginning similar to the examples below as your topic sentence: (choose only one of the sentences starters below): Some people will say Some believe An alternate way of thinking Choose the two weakest arguments from above about why this invention is important: 1. 2. Now, write a rebuttal: using research and your own thinking respond to one of the counter arguments above: __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now, using a conclusion sentence, refocus your counter-argument paragraph back to your opinion (topic): SEE NEXT PAGE FOR EXAMPLES OF COUNTER ARGUMENT PARAGRAPHS Counter-Argument Paragraph Rough Draft Below, this is an example of a counter-argument paragraph: (1) Some people would say that owning an exotic pet is a wonderful experience. (2) They might say that exotic pets make the owner stand out in a crowd. (3) They also might say that owning an exotic pet is a unique and rewarding experience. 4) While an exotic pet may be rewarding, a domesticated animal will provide that same if not safer reward. Accordi ng to ABC News Investigations reports of exotic pets attacking their owners have increased dramatically over the recent years. (5) It is clear to see that these unique animals also come with unique challenges especially when they mature. Below, this is another example of a counter-argument paragraph: While President Obama’s proposal has many supporters, not everyone agrees that the school year should be extended. Opponents of this proposal claim that extending the school year is simply too expensive.While budget must be considered, education is the foundation for our countries future. If we are going to invest money in anything it should be education. In a recent interview with Matt Lauer President Obama discusses the cost associated with extending the school year, saying, â€Å"that would be money well spent†. Another point often discusses by the opposition is, that shortening the school year will take away important family and social development time. Unfortunately, many students in our country do not have the ability to participate in summer learning activities.Summer camps and learning programs are a luxury often enjoyed by middle and upper class families. Without these programs many students experience summer learning loss wherein they can lose up to two months of math and reading skills. In summary, although there are arguments against extending the school year, it is important to consider what is best for our children. If we want to give all Americans the opportunity to compete in a global job market, it is important to invest in our students now and extend the school year. ON THE NEXT PAGE YOU WILL WRITE YOUR COUNTER ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFTNow, combine your work from PAGES 11 AND 12 to write a rough counter-argument paragraph. (use the example paragraph above as a model) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________ On Next Page You Will Write Your Concluding Paragraph Write Your Conclusion Paragraph Below: Restate your thesis: Now, write your strongest piece of evidence/support/CD from your first body paragraph: _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Now, write your strongest piece of evidence/support/CD from your second body paragraph: On the lines below write the sentences above as your CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH ROUGH DRAFT: _______________________________________________________________________________________ On the next and last page is an example of a conclusion paragraph. In conclusion, in order to keep our students from falling behind, and provide equal learning opportunities for low-income students, the United States needs to lengthen the school year.The facts clearly show that today’s students are falling behind. It is unac ceptable to allow our students to be falling behind in reading and math. It is unacceptable to allow two months of summer learning loss to occur. Something must be done. Education is the key to our countries future. As a country we need to show our students that we value and support their education. The best way to do this is by making the hard decisions, lengthening the school year, and doing what it takes to make our student competitive in a world market. THIS IS THE LAST PAGE. THERE ARE NO MORE PAGES.