Poverty: Comparative Analysis of China and India

University of National and human beings economy stinting sociology paper pic Poerty Comparative summary of China and India WRITTEN BY mANOL MANOLOV ECONOMICS IN slope 131 FACULTY No 29114055 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction to destitution in the world Causes of meagreness effects of poverty Global analysis of world poverty Analysis of East-Asian neighbourhood 2. Analysis of poverty in India Over opine Historical tr ending Urban poverty Rural poverty Indian frugal development 3. Analysis of poverty in China Overview Historical background Analysis of characteristics of Chinas poverty juvenile economic harvest in China Connection between the Economic growth and Poverty step-down 4. International coope dimensionn for reducing poverty 1. Introduction to poverty in the world According to the World blaspheme (2000), poverty is pronounced deprivation in wholesome-being. This of course begs the question of what is meant by well-being. One nuzzle is to think of ones well-being as the command over commodities in general, so heap atomic number 18 better off if they have a greater command over resources.In this view, the chief(prenominal) counsel is on whether households or exclusives have profuse resources to meet their needs. Typically poverty is then measured by comparing an individuals income or consumption with some defined threshold below which they ar considered to be poor. This is the most conventional view poverty is seen largely in monetary terms. This also is the startle point for most analyses of poverty. A second approach to well-being (and hence poverty) is to ask whether concourse are able to obtain a specific type of consumption good do they have enough food? Or shelter? Or health concern? Or education?In this view the analyst would need to go beyond the more traditional monetary measures of poverty and analyze an individuals deprivation of education, nutrition, clothing, shelter etc. Perhaps the broadest approach to well-being (and poverty) is the one articulated by Amartya Sen (1987), who argues that well-being comes from a capability to function in society. Thus poverty arises when people overleap draw capabilities, and so have inadequate income or education, or poor health, or insecurity, or low ego confidence, or a sense of powerless(prenominal)ness, or the absence of rights such as freedom of speech.Viewed in this way, poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and less amenable to simple solutions. Around the world, in rich or poor nations, poverty has always been present. In most nations today, inequalitythe gap between the rich and the pooris quite last and often widening. The causes are numerous, including a lack of individual responsibility, bad government policy, exploitation by people and businesses with power and influence, or some combination of these and other factors.Many feel that high levels of inequality will run kindly cohesion and direct to problems such as change m agnitude crime and violence. Causes of poverty Poverty is caused by two basic things scarcity of basic needs and barriers to opportunities. In the past poverty had been mostly original as inevitable as economies produced little plot of land creations grew almost as fast making wealthiness scarce. Food shortageswere common before the appearance of modern agricultural technology. However, nowadays there are well enough places that still lack such technology, leading to poverty rates being retained or even raised.On the other hand, intensive farming often leads to a vicious cycle of exhaustion of colly fertility and decline of agricultural yields. Approximately 40% of the worlds agricultural land is seriously degraded. Health care can be widely unavailable too. The loss of health care workers emigrating from impoverished countries has a minus effect. For example, an estimated 100,000 Philippine nurses emigrated between 1994 and 2006. There are more Ethiopian doctors in Chicago t han there are in Ethiopia.There are also a lot of factors of living, closely connected with poverty. Colonial history, centralization of power, corruption, warfare, environmental degradation and social inequality are factors on which the development of a nation or produce is fully dependent. Moreover, warfare, unproductive agricultural cycles, drought and flooding and all kinds of natural disasters are factors which directly lead to poverty of any kind. Such factors are known as acute causes of poverty. Effects of poverty paltry health and education severely affects productivity.Inadequate nutrition in childhood undermines the ability of individuals to develop their full capabilities. The lack of economic freedom inhibits entrepreneurship among the poor. New enterprises and foreign investment can be driven away by the results of inefficient institutions, notably corruption, weak rule of law and excessive bureaucratic burdens. In reality, behind the increasing interconnectedness p romised by globalization are global decisions, policies, and practices. These are typically influenced, driven, or formulated by the rich and powerful.These can be leaders of rich countries or other global actors such as multinational corporations, institutions, and influential people. In the face of such enormous external influence, the governments of poor nations and their people are often powerless. As a result, in the global context, a few get wealthy while the majority struggle. global analysis on world poverty The world has the wealth and means to end poverty. Almost half the world over three billion people live on less than $2. 50 a day And over 11 million children will die from poverty-related illness this physique alone.This is the reality the difference between the maturation and developed countries is huge. pic In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76. 6% of essential private consumption. The poorest fifth just 1. 5% pic Relatively to the graph ab ove, the poorest 40 percent of the worlds population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent account for three-quarters of world income. Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or squeeze their names.Less than one per cent of what the world spent every(prenominal) year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didnt happen. Of 2. 2 billion children in the world 1 billion are in poverty (every second child). For the 2 billion children in the developing world there are 640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3), 400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5) and 270 million with no access to health service (1 in 7). A lot more facts can be displayed in order to portray the tremendous ratio of poverty and well-being in the world today. Analysis of East-Asian regionThe role of social policy and particularly social security in addressing the ongoing challenge of poverty in East Asia is huge despite the regions spectacular experience of economic growth in decent decades. The East Asian miracle resulted over the last four decades in a transformation of the regions traditional agrarian economies and remarkable increases in standards of living for many ordinary people. Even though it was given little attention, poverty has remained an ongoing problem. The problem became particularly evident however with the Asian financial crisis of 1997 when many low income and middle class workers became unemployed.As a result of this crisis, the need for utile social policies and social security programs were recognized. The idea that economic growth would solve the problem of poverty was increasingly challenged. Even in China today, where rapid growth has created upstart employment opportunities and the promise of prosperity for many, the government has recognized that the problem of poverty cannot be addressed moreover through economic growth but that comprehensive social pol icies must be formulated, and this includes the development of an effective security system.It is claimed that the East Asian nations had not only solved the problem of poverty but were believably to maintain high standards of living for their citizens for many years to come. There were many references to what was called the Asian Century at the 2008 World Economic Forum at Davos which implied that the East Asian nations had not only achieved economic triumph but were likely to dominate global trade and finance in the future.This notion perpetuates the idea that economic growth is the solution to the poverty problem. However, the seriousness of the problem of poverty is seldom missed by journalists and the main stress is put on the vast economic development. While the incidence of absolute poverty associated with subsistence tillage and urban, informal economic activities has declined dramatically, this does not mean that poverty and relative deprivation have been eradicated.Inde ed, it became painfully reform in the late 1990s that the East Asian economies were vulnerable to global economic shocks and ill on the watch to address the challenge of rising unemployment, homelessness and other social ills. Analysis of the World Bank show, that in juvenile years poverty in the region has decreased from 2% in Korea up to more than 10% in Malaysia. Poverty declines in China and India have been particularly sizable. The table below shows the proportion of population below the poverty line of 1$ per day Country 1990 Latest Year Peoples Republic of China 33% 10. 8% (2004) Mongolia 27. 3% 11% (2002) Indonesia 20. 6% 4% (2005) Malaysia